Through the Storm Essays - Storm, Winter Storm, Greenville

Through the Storm Essays - Storm, Winter Storm, Greenville Through the Storm There has not been one more day like January 28, 2009, in Greenville, North Carolina. The town encountered a tempest that secured Greenville with in excess of ten crawls of day off. I was not set up to experience a troublesome circumstance where my life would be in danger because of my freshness with driving in the day off. I took my risks and drove myself to class realizing that each meteorologist was educating each driver to look for shelter and remain at home during the tempest. Obviously, an incredible exercise was found out that day since I at that point comprehended that I have to play it safe when managing an unsafe circumstance instead of putting my life and the lives of others in danger. Everything began toward the start of the spring semester when I used to go to Chowan University, situated in an unassuming community summoned Murfreesboro around seventy miles from my old neighborhood, Greenville. Each Monday through Thursday, I drove 90 minutes to get to my classes and afterward surged back home toward the day's end, planning to be back before dusk. The driving conditions were not terrible, however being in the vehicle for such a long time inevitably troubles anybody. It would have been a normal day until early that morning, the meteorologist declared: There is a methodology of a surprising tempest where there is a non-evaluated level of snow that will be collected for the duration of the day. So be readied! The news didn't strike me as significant since I was racing to prepare and begin my day at school. I realized that I was unable to miss a day of class due the significance of introducing an undertaking that I had been dealing with for around fourteen days. I traveled around fifty miles and there were colossal measures of snow previously aggregated in the street. Not long before showing up to class, I got a call from my guide instructing me to remain at home since classes were dropped due the tempest. I was so baffled with myself, the climate, and the school since all I had left to do was to turn around through a service station and head back to Greenville. While driving, I understood that the street was secured with dark ice which made my vehicle slip in the street a few times. Exactly when I began to back off, a tree limb fell only hardly any feet in front of me so I squeezed the breaks and I lost control of the vehicle and flipped twice into a jettison. I was stupefied and confounded from what had simply occurred, however I was alright. The vehicle was all the while standing. I escaped the vehicle and I understood what had quite recently happened. I paused for a minute to consider everything that had happened to me and I adulated the Lord for His assurance since it could have been far more awful. Presently it is more clear to me about avoiding potential risk when there is peril of passing through a blizzard.

Business Communication for Academic and Professional Integrity

Question: Talk about theBusiness Communication for Academic and Professional Integrity. Answer: Idea and Practice of Academic and Professional Integrity Scholastic uprightness can be characterized as the upkeep of obligation and genuineness in the scholarly field. Proficient trustworthiness implies that an individual will work in a moral way paying little mind to the circumstance. The idea of Academic and Professional Integrity is to regard the privileges of different researchers, maintaining a strategic distance from activities that give undue preferred position over others. In my understanding, scholastic respectability empowers an individual to create proficient aptitudes and qualities that are looked for by most bosses. Prior to beginning this unit, I was just mindful of the way that scholarly uprightness is basically refering to and recognizing others work. Be that as it may, in the wake of beginning the unit, I went to an understanding that scholarly and proficient respectability has an immense degree. Aside from recognizing others work, it likewise includes supporting others in their exertion. The essential lawful and administrative commitments must be consented to (Manly, Leonard and Riemenschneider 2015). I will rehearse scholastic respectability at AIH in the accompanying manners: I will keep away from literary theft by not replicating multiple words in succession in the content found. I will recognize crafted by different researchers and specialists by refering to the content composed for the assignments. I will build up my own contentions and assessment from scholarly substance by note-taking and perusing. Consequently, scholarly and proficient respectability is of extraordinary significance and must be followed at all levels. Untrustworthy and unlawful lead must be maintained a strategic distance from under all conditions. It will help in building common regard and trust among the scholastic experts (Lfstrm et al. 2015). References Lfstrm, E., Trotman, T., Furnari, M. furthermore, Shephard, K., 2015. Who trains scholarly uprightness and how would they instruct it?.Higher Education,69(3), pp.435-448. Masculine, T.S., Leonard, L.N. what's more, Riemenschneider, C.K., 2015. Scholastic uprightness in the data age: Virtues of regard and responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,127(3), pp.579-590.

At What Age Do Children Generally Start Smoking Pot

At What Age Do Children Generally Start Smoking Pot More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery On average, kids who smoke pot start at age 16. The 2014 National Institute of Drug Abuse study, Monitoring the Future,?? estimated that 15.6 percent of eighth-graders had smoked marijuana or hashish at least once in their lifetimes, while 11.7 percent had smoked in the past year and 6.5 percent had smoked in the past month. One Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration survey of people who were admitted for drug and alcohol treatment found that 14 percent began using drugs before age 13, in their preteen years. By the time they reach the tenth grade, the number of lifetime smokers jumps to 33.7 percent while prior-year smokers rise to 27.3 percent and past-month smokers include 16.6 percent. The Influence of Others The marked increase between eighth and tenth grades is significant because the main reason that teens begin to smoke marijuana arises from the influence of other people around them.?? Teens who have siblings or friends who do drugs are much more likely to try them themselves than adolescents who do not have drug-using friends. The transition between middle school and high school leads to new disruptions for kids: new schools, new friends, new pressures and different expectations. The influence that others have on teen substance abuse is not limited to their peers in school. Teens whose parents drink, smoke cigarettes or smoke marijuana are also more likely to try those behaviors. Availability of Pot Is a Key Factor Children who live in neighborhoods where drugs are sold openly  or who go to schools where their peers sell drugs  are significantly more likely to begin smoking weed at an earlier age.?? The same study found that if teens merely perceive that their peers approve of drug use they will be more likely to use drugs themselves at an early age  because that perception tends to normalize illicit drug use. A double-whammy of cultural permissiveness and easy access to drugs contribute to earlier initiation ages and a larger proportion of kids using drugs. Reasons Kids Use Drugs In his book How to Keep Your Teenager Out of Trouble and What to Do if You Can’t,?? Dr. Neil I. Bernstein identifies reasons, beyond mere availability, why kids try drugs and alcohol: Popular mediaEscape and self-medicationBoredomRebellionInstant gratificationLack of confidenceMisinformation Early-Onset Drug Use Has Consequences Expertsâ€"and even some marijuana legalization proponentsâ€"agree that the later teens begin using marijuana, the better because their brains are still developing until around age 25. The earlier kids begin to smoke pot, the more likely they are to experience problems. A Duke University study?? found that children who smoke marijuana at least weekly before age 18 displayed lasting harm to their intelligence, attention, and memory compared with those who began using marijuana after age 18. The Duke study also found that quitting marijuana use later did not reverse the cognitive damage caused by regular marijuana use before age 18.??

The Impact Of Maritime Technology On The Age Of Exploration

Maritime Technology’s Aid in the Age of Exploration The innovation of maritime technology has revolutionized travel throughout history. Prior to ships and sea travel, humans were separated by vast oceans and confined to their homeland for life. Because of these large boundaries, discoveries and inventions were only shared within land masses and trade as a whole was very limited. This uncharted, inaccessible territory caused a major separation of mankind. However, these oceans sparked curiosity and desire for explorers to venture beyond their native land. This curiosity was the driving force to the invention of naval travel, a highly important and massive step for all growing communities during the Age of Exploration. Maritime technology’s advancements through history greatly aided in the Age of Exploration, allowing provinces to break their land boundaries and make monumental steps towards the advanced world humans populate today. People living the the 15th century had multiple reasons for venturing beyond its confinement of land. Scientific curiosity of the world played a major part in the advancement of naval travel, but it was not the main cause of exploration in these times. The Age of Exploration was sparked by Europeans wanting to find sea routes to East Asia, which they called the Indies. Merchants and crusaders were bringing goods to Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. These trade routes were controlled by the Muslims and the Italians. However, flawsShow MoreRelatedSignificance Of Marco Polo s Voyages1136 Words   |  5 PagesPolo’s voyages to the â€Å"East† for our understanding of world history. The silk routes, has for many centuries, connected the world through a series of overland and maritime routes reaching from China, India, the Middle East and Europe. 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The reasons that European engaged in such aggressive exploration in 15thRead MoreFactors Which Stimulated Atlantic Maritime Exploration in 15th Century2082 Words   |  9 PagesAtlantic Maritime exploration in 15th century During the period of time 1400-1499 great gains were made by the Europeans in their quest for knowledge of the world they lived in. In this time period the Europeans circum-navigated Africa, located the territories of the West Indies and basically redrew the map of the world. All these things had one thing in common; they were the result of extensive Atlantic maritime exploration. The reasons that European engaged in such aggressive exploration in 15thRead MoreCause And Effects Of The Age Of Exploration1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe Age of Exploration, or sometimes known as the Age of discovery, began in the 1400s and continued throughout the 1700s. These expeditions took a great deal of man power, money, and technology. 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Giancarlo De Carlo, An Italian Architect - 1116 Words

Giancarlo De Carlo was an Italian Architect. He wasn’t known as an architect until the 1940s, but rather a writer and a teacher. He trained as an architect in the 1940s, which was during the Second World War, leading him to generate his philosophy towards life and architecture but he did not start building until the 1950s. He was a founding member of Team X, Team X was a group of architects that formed at the 9th congress of CIAM (Congrà ¨s International d Architecture Moderne). Their aim was to reassess the role and function of architecture, paying attention to rebuilding built environments and their surrounding social and natural conditions. Famous works by De Carlo include ‘The Magistero’ at Urbino, 1968-76, ‘Collegio del Colle’ at Urbino, 1962-66 and ‘Faculty of Economics’ at University of Urbino, 1986-99. De Carlo has strong opinions about Modernism Movement; he often critiques the Modern Movement. He sees that the Modern Movement w as an opportunity wasted, as he had written a number of articles regarding Modern Architecture. Modernism was a radical movement that first emerged in the early 20th century, but was not popular till after the Second World War. During the 1970s, many architects began to notice the increasing failures of the Modern Movement. De Carlo has a lot of criticism towards the Modern Movement. Though he believes that the aims of the Modern Movement were correct and valuable, they failed to deliver to the users, they had failed to provide architectureShow MoreRelatedAldo Rossi Locomotiva 2 Research2883 Words   |  12 Pagestxt[2013/2/4 15:40:36] Locomotiva 2: Aldo Rossi’s Entry for the Centro Direzionale di Torino Competition collection Beginning in the 1960s a number of urban planning problems began to be recognized as a consequence of transformations of the postwar Italian city. These concerned congestion of the urban core and concerns over the conversion of housing stock, desperately needed to serve a growing influx of workers from rural areas, into offices for business. One solution proposed at this time were the

Media Studies Mass Media Free Essays

string(228) " white viewers believed and accepted this information and as a result treated the black people like they are inferior to the white people, and thus some of the black people began to believe that they are inferior to the whites\." hAbstract: This essay explores what the media, mass media and mass communication is. As well as a major focus on the hypodermic needle theory also known as the magic bullet theory on the reception analysis, the passive audience and the encoding and decoding model with reference to relevant theorists and statements and examples from Africa and other countries. In conclusion this essay states that the reception analysis and the hypodermic needle theory both are important and complex in understanding the media and the active and passive audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Studies Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now The hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis is a complicated theory in the media world. These two theories explore how the media affects its audiences, both active and passive. This essay will explore through relevant examples and ideas from theorists, the hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis, what they are and what role it plays in the media world and how the media affects the passive audience. The media is â€Å"a diverse collection of industries and practices, each with their methods of communication, specific business interests, constraints and audiences† (Briggs and Cobley, 2001 ;1). And mass media according to TheFreeDictionary is, â€Å"A means of public communication reaching a large audience. † The media is almost everywhere in societies today and people view or listen to so much types of media every single day. As a result the media that is taken in affects its viewers and listeners subconsciously and are not aware of the impact that the media has on them. Mass communication thus, is the â€Å"process of transforming a message created by a person in a group to large audiences or market through a transforming device which is the medium† (J. Baran, Introduction to Mass Communication). As Connell (1984 :88) says that it is common that media’s message is distorted and misunderstood by society. Thus it effects the society subconsciously buy the way they act. The audience plays a vital role in the media world, because if the audience did not exist neither would the media. (Hanes) The media sends out information to the audience and the audience is there to receive it. â€Å"Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are. (Abercrombie 1996, 140). Hence, the message received by the audience and how they interpret that message will depend on the background of the audience members, such as their values and beliefs, their attitudes and their circumstances. Furthermore, there are two types of audiences that are seen to take in media, the active audience and the passive audience. The active audience interacts with the medi a given to them, and they have the knowledge to challenge the messages that the media gives to them. The uses and gratifications model that was first expressed in the United states in the 1940s (Moores 1993) believed that audiences were active and that they had a choice as to the texts they received, and that they were able to choose the one that would satisfy their needs. The passive audience, as seen by the hypodermic needle theory just accept all the information given to them. â€Å"Passive audience an audience that does not interact with the media and†¦ it has no control of the medias influence on them†¦ † (Unknown. www. aber. c. uk. ). The hypodermic needle theory assumes that â€Å"the audience is passive in receiving and interpretation of media texts. † (Hanes, 2000). The media is seen to directly affect the passive audience and that it will have the power to directly influence the audience, because the audiences just take in and accept what the media gives to them. Children are often seen as a passive audience because they do not fully understand what they are viewing, thus are affected subconsciously and often act out what they have seen on TV. Teenagers often try to copy their celebrity role models and lose sight of what is real and what is fantasy (Manali Oak) The hypodermic needle theory which was explored by the Frankfurt School also known as the magic bullet theory is a famous theory that states that the media is a needle or magic gun and that it â€Å"injects the message into the audiences mind and it causes changes in the audience’s behaviour†¦ towards the message. †(Unknown. poundedmonk. wordpress. com ). The audience is passive and as a result the message is injected into their mind without their knowledge. Harold Lasswell was a well known theorist of the hypodermic needle theory stated that â€Å"the new mass media could directly influence and sway public influence. † Meaning that when the audience (which is passive) views something on the television or hears something on the radio, it affects the audience directly and unconsciously, and could possibly change the way the audience views a certain subject. For example, in 1930 Orson Wells created a fake news bulletin about an alien invasion in an American city called Grover’s Mill. He broadcasted this message on a Radio Station program called â€Å"The War of the Worlds†, and it reached about twelve million American people. Due to this broadcast the whole country was in chaos. (Taken from :communicationtheory. org) Additionally the Hypodermic needle theory’s supporters believed that because the audience is passive in that they receive and accept the messages given to them by the media texts that, they put a great emphasis on the text itself and the power that it has on the audience. However because that information about the texts are so readily available and very easy to access, that the Hypodermic needle theory is generally disregarded by many other theorists when they consider the audiences response to the media . (Idea taken from: Phillip J Hanes) an example of this is when apartheid came into action in South Africa, the white government controlled the media and showed the black people as weak and inferior to the white people and that they are the dominant race and should be in charge. Most of the white viewers believed and accepted this information and as a result treated the black people like they are inferior to the white people, and thus some of the black people began to believe that they are inferior to the whites. You read "Media Studies Mass Media" in category "Papers" (International Afro Mass Media) However the hypodermic needle theory â€Å"was not based on empirical findings†¦ rather it employed assumptions†¦ about human nature. † and that â€Å"People were assumed to be†¦ controlled by their biological instincts†¦ † (Lowerg and Delfleur, 1995 . p. 400). As a result the Hypodermic effects model is â€Å"considered to be an inadequate representation of the communication between media and the public, as it does not take into account the audience as individuals with their own beliefs, opinions, ideas and attitudes. † (Unknown: www. aber. ac. uk). Hence the quote above shows the complications that were aroused by other theorists when it came to the hypodermic needle theory of how information was just accepted by the passive audience. In addition the reception analysis plays a major role in the media. The reception analysis is the way in which the audience receives, accepts and interprets the message given to them in the media (www. museum. tv. com). The way that an audience will receive and interpret a message in the media usually depends on their â€Å"socio-economic position, gender, ethnicity and so forth. † For example if four people from different people from different societies, watch the same programme, each of them will have a different view on what they have just watched, showing that the way they receive a message will be etermined by their own individuality. (Journal of Communication, 1990, vol,40, no1, p. 73) The theory on audience reception has taken into account â€Å"the individual members of the audience. It realises there is a preferred meaning in the text, but also places emphasis on the audience in the process of constructing a meaning. † (Hanes: www. aber. ac. uk/media) meaning that the reception theory does not just look at the audience as whole , but as well as the individuals in an audience and how the medias messages affect the individuals. In South Africa, research has been done, that shows that they youth in South Africa is very influenced by the media received from North America. Teenagers watch reality shows and believe that in order to be popular and liked by their peers they have to look, act and be a certain way. Hence showing that the youth, depending on their demographic that they are in are heavily influenced and effected by the messages that they receive from the media. (M. Way: Journalism and Mass Communication). Hals encoding and decoding model draws up on Abercrombie’s (1996) â€Å"dominant text view and the dominant audience view. The dominant text view states that the text is more important because the audience is passive they will be influenced by the messages given by the media. Whereas the dominant audience view states that the audience is more important because it â€Å"is up audience to analyze and interpret the text. † (Hall; 1980). The advantage of the encoding and decoding model is that â€Å"it realises that the meaning made by the audience is affected by various other factors – including socio/economic frameworks and past experiences, but also involving the context in which the media message is consumed. † (Hanes: www. aber. ac. uk/media). This statement means that if one person watches television while being distracted by two children will receive a different from another person who is watching the same television programme but is concentrating on what they are watching. The reception analysis views on how the audience receives the message and how the audience interprets the messages received by the media. Thus we can see that because everyone has different ethnicity, gender, socio-economic backgrounds and political views, that they will view the messages that they receive completely differently to any other person, showing that there is individuality in audiences. For example, a Zulu woman who is a domestic worker who lives in a black township who watches ‘Carte Blanche’ will interpret the message differently to a white business man who lives in a mansion in Northcliff who watches the exact same thing. â€Å"Due to different backgrounds and experiences,  each person has  his or her  own way for decoding messages, and  people could even form different interpretations toward the same message† (stereotypebyinternet. wordpress. om) Furthermore, because there are so many types of media being given to us as the consumers of the media, we become numb to many of the information given to us that we begin to just accept the information and messages. The messages that are in many of the television programs that are consumed that they begin to affect the viewers subconsciously, and the viewers will eventually act out and behave like the people on the programs that they watch and begin to think that everything that they view on the television is acceptable and that, that is how normal or even popular people should behave. The first effect of reality TV deals with†¦ teenagers. Already with self-esteem and acceptance issues, adolescent youth that frequently watch television shows that are advertise as being ‘reality’, most likely will have the delusion that their appearance should mirror the people they see on the shows. Like with magazines and tabloids that historically have caused harmful†¦ trends in teenagers, such as anorexia and bulimia, reality TV foster facades that are readily accepted by our youth. † (D. Watkins, 2008) In conclusion one can see that the media, mass media, mass communication play an important role and are important to the hypodermic needle theory, the reception analysis, and in the encoding and decoding model. This essay also shows how the audience, passive and active play an important role in the theories mentioned in this essay, and that media consumption is a very complex activity. Bibliography Abercrombie, Nicholas (1996): Television and Society. Cambridge: Polity Press Branston, G and Stafford, R. 1999). The Media Student’s Book. London: Routledge (pp. 410-420). Cruz, J. Justin Lewis (1994): Viewing, Reading, Listening: Audiences and Cultural Reception. Boulder, CO: Westview Gillespie, M. (2005). Media Audiences. Maidenhead: Open University Press (pp. 26-50) Hanes, Philip J (April 2000) The Advantages and Limitations of a Focus on Audience in Media Studies. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from: http://www. aber. ac. uk/media/Students/pph9701. html Hart, Andrew ( 1991): Understanding the Media: A Practical Guide. London: Routledge Koufie-Amartey, I, (2010) Hypodermic Needle Theory. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from: http://amartey1. blogspot. com/2010/04/hypodermic-needle-theory. html Nightingale, Virginia (1996): Studying Audiences: The Shock of the Real. London: Routledge O’Sullivan, Tim, Brian Dutton ; Philip Rayner (1994): Studying the Media. London: Edward Arnold Seiter, Ellen et al. (Eds. ) (1989): Remote Control. London: Routledge Strelitz, L. (2002). Media consumption and identity formation: the case of the ‘homeland’ viewers. Media, Culture ; Society, 24(4), 459. Taylor, L and Willis, A. (1999). Media Studies. Texts, Institutions and Audiences. Oxford: Blackwell (pp. 168-183). Watkins, D. (2008): The effects of reality TV. Retrieved April 30, 2012 from http://www. helium. com/items/933893-the-effects-of-reality-tv Way, M. Strelitz, Larry. Mixed Reception: South African Youth and their Experience of Global Media. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_7081/is_1_26/ai_n28420075 How to cite Media Studies Mass Media, Papers

Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble Essay Example

Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble Paper In Oliver Twist Dickens presents a powerful critique of Victorian society and its treatment of the poor. Paying particular attention to chapter two of the novel, explore the methods Dickens employs to achieve this. Oliver Twist was the second novel of Charles Dickens and the first one with the main protagonist a child. It was initially published in monthly instalments in Bentleys Miscellan magazine that began in February of 1837 and ended in April of 1939. Dickens based Oliver Twist on his own childhood and wrote it as a way of expressing his views in how the rich treated the poor, Dickens wrote in instalments because it would have cost more to publish and buy the book, this means when the book was published every chapter ends in a cliff-hanger, the instalments were mainly read by the middle class to give them a perspective on the lifestyle of a working class person and show why not to treat them in a unsatisfactory manner. The poor laws played a key part in chapter two of the novel because Oliver was forced to work in a workhouse where the poor laws came into play. The poor laws allowed the poor to receive public assistance only if they lived and worked in established workhouses. Beggars risked imprisonment. Debtors were sent to prison, often with their entire families, this is what happened to Charles Dickens father as he went bankrupt and Dickens was sent to work. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Workhouses were deliberately made to be as miserable as possible in order to deter the poor from relying on public assistance. In this essay I shall be writing about how Charles Dickens presents a powerful critique of Victorian society and the poor, paying attention to chapter two of Oliver Twist. Chapter two marks one of the turning points of the novel. Firstly Oliver is sent to a workhouse because there was no female then domiciled on the house who was in a situation to impart to Oliver Twist, the consolation and nourishment of which he stood in need. This enabled the poor laws to act on Oliver as he would live and work in an established workhouse which allowed him to receive assistance from the public if he needed it. Dickens made us sympathise for Oliver in chapter two because of how he is treated and because of his physical state, on Olivers ninth birthday he and two other young gentlemen participate with him in a sound thrashing. A birthday for a nine year old at the time would be a momentous occasion, but because Oliver is needy, he is treated as a second class citizen. Mrs Mann does not feel he should have an adequate party but instead to mark the special event Oliver and some other innocent children should be beaten. Dickens makes us sympathise more for Oliver because of his lack of education, this happens when Oliver meets the board of fat gentlemen, they ask him You know youre an orphan I suppose? to which Oliver replies dumfounded Whats that sir? . Oliver was frightened at the site of so many gentleman This tells us that Oliver is shy and he is not used to speaking to adults because he is scared they will beat him as the only adult he knows well is Mrs Mann who beats him on a regular basis, the experience changes Olivers view on adults as in his opinion they are mostly all bad, the reader feels mercy for Oliver at this point because they know Oliver doesnt know that the board will decide on his future and if he does anything incorrect in the presence of the board the consequences will be dire. Lack of empathy form the gentlemen is shown by the quotes and also Olivers lack of common education, everything bad the board notice about Oliver is what they have not taught him, their own faults are shown in him. Dickens shows inhumanity of others towards Oliver because he is sent to the workhouse, which is meant for Juvenile offenders. He is also treated inhumanly as Mr Bumble gave the little wicket a tremendous shake. Wicket is a metaphor for Oliver Twist, referring to him as a thin object; he is treated inhumanly as without warning he is shook. Olivers only crime is being poor. At the time there was a huge gap between the rich and the poor due to industrialisation. This meant that the poor were left to survive in unpleasant, overcrowded conditions, and were treated harshly by the rich. Generally the upper and middle classes thought very little of the working class citizens in Victorian times. The English middle-class society saw those who could not support themselves as immoral and evil, Oliver is not immoral and evil he is the opposite, the immoral and evil are quite clearly the board, Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble. Dickens displays this in chapter 2; the attitudes of the upper class are illustrated in the form of the board and the beadle. Oliver is treated like an animal by Mr Bumble. Mr. Bumble gave him a tap on the head, with his cane, to wake him up: and another on the back to make him lively: Mr Bumble wakes Oliver up like a person would try and wake up a dog, he believes Oliver is not a real person but a dirty animal that should not be spoken or touched by his master and obey his master, the narrator gives his view of what the board think of the orphanage, The board made periodical pilgrimages to the farm . The narrator is implying that the board and upper classes refer to the orphanage as a farm and the children are animals who dont deserve to live. The board are described as eight or ten fat gentleman who sit around a table, Dickens produces humour by making a particularly fat gentleman in a higher position than the rest, Dickens ranks the gentleman in how overweight they are, so the most obese would have the highest authority. Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble are the two people, who are supposed to take care of Oliver Twist, but instead Mrs Mann physically abuses Oliver and the other children in her care and Mr Bumble treats him like a worthless waste of life. Mrs Mann and Mr Bumble role play when they are around each other, Mrs Mann acts as a good Christian woman as she uses religious language like bless-em but she is not a good Christian and Mr Bumble exaggerates his authority by using the method of repetition, he uses complicated language in his sentence like here upon parochial business with the parochial orphans? Are you aweer, Mrs. Mann, that you are, as I may say, a parochial delegate, and a stipendiary?