Comparing Ireland and Denmark ECC Essay

Choose two countries and compare their approaches to early childhood care and education. This essay will introduce and compare approaches to early childhood care and education in Denmark and Ireland. It will specifically focus on comparing the pedagogical approach, curriculum content and the inclusion of ethnic minority children aged 0-6 years attending early childhood settings in both countries. Provision of Services As one of the oldest nations within Europe, Denmark has made the welfare of families with children top priority within government. Under their Social Services Act, matters’ relating to the care and education of children is broken down. The Ministry of Social Services is responsible for day care facilities – dagtilbud, while the Ministry of Education is responsible for pre-school services – bornehaveklasse, primary and lower secondary and afterschool services and forest kindergartens are also available. These services are based on the rights of children outlined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (OECD, 2000). In Denmark children are not required to enter the primary school sector until they are seven years old. In Ireland, there has been very little funding and resources into the development of childcare provisions with many working families relying on family members or child-minders filling the gap. Full day care exists at a cost and sessional services either morning or afternoon are in operation. In 2010, the Office of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs introduced a voluntary, universal free pre-school year for children aged three years and two months and less than four years and seven months. For the year 2010/11, over 94% of eligible children were participating in the scheme (Dept. f Education & Skills, 2011). While it is compulsory for children to enter the primary education system at six years old, it is relevant to note that many children enter the system in the September, following their fourth birthday due to the lack of childcare provisions available. The Irish welfare state seems reliant on offering cash benefits rather than services especially for the youngest group of children 0-2 years (OECD, 2010). Pedagogy French, 2007 defines pedagogy as the practice or craft of teaching in the interactive process between teachers and learners and the learning nvironment which includes family and the community. Under Siolta, the national quality framework it is defined as the range of interactions to support the holistic development of children by embracing both care and education within settings. Denmark has a strong historical background in relation to the training of early care and education practitioners. The first training programme was implemented in 1885 for those working from the frobelian approach in education; this formed a basis for the two year study programme implemented in 1904. In 1992, an integrated training system was established to combine theory with practice. Those training to be social pedagogues complete three and a half year degree programme learning theoretical, culture based subjects and activity based subjects with stints in placement (OECD,2000). Ireland in comparison has yet to regulate for proper qualifications within the sector with only those working with pre-primary classes having the appropriate qualification – bachelor of education. In order for the pre-school year to be implemented room leaders must have a minimum qualification of a Level 5 major award in ECCE (Dept. of Education &Skills, 2011). Curriculum French, 2007, states that a curriculum being implemented in settings for children’s learning should contain a ‘body of knowledge with a clear set of goals and objectives’. The National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) in 2004 wrote that curriculum refers to â€Å"all learning experiences, whether formal or informal, planned or unplanned, which contribute to a child’s development†. Denmark’s curriculum for children aged 0-6 years is predominately play based and incorporates the holistic development of children. Children work in partnership with the pedagogues throughout daily life. The main aims of the curriculum are to ensure children learn and experience the natural environment while gaining a true understanding of the Danish and other cultures represented. In 2004, a new law of pedagogical curriculum to â€Å"support, lead and challenge the learning of children† was introduced (Starting Strong 2, 2006). This outlined that all centres had the responsibility to outline their own curriculums with the cooperation of staff and passed by the board of parents and local authorities, the aspect of learning was not to become too structured. Six dimensions of aims as themes are to be represented within the curriculum. These include personal competences, social competences, language, body and movement, nature and nature phenomena and cultural forms of expression and values (Brostrom, 2006).

Input, Interaction and Sla Essay

When reading the book Essentials for Successful English Language Teaching by Farrell, T. S.C., & Jacobs, G., I am really impressed with chapter 4 Integrated Curricular especially the classroom implications part. It reflects the fact that language teaching should have the connection with other subjects in the curricular as well as learner’s needs and experience in order to motivate and engage students into the learning process. This is a good way to encourage the students to learn English efficiently and independently since teachers should devise ways to help their students apply English into everyday life. As an English teacher, I always inspire my students to the new ways of learning such as dictation running, vocabulary guessing, board hitting, field trip writing, and so on which can give as much help as possible to those who really want to enrich their knowledge through English. By using the term â€Å"enrich their knowledge through English†, I mean that English is not just a mandatory subject that students have to learn structures and vocabularies; it also provides a wide range of findings and knowledge related to different fields. And chapter 4 in the said book indicates just what I need since I applied these ways of teaching to my communication skills classrooms. However, I have some concern regarding the possibility of applying this method to all levels in Vietnam or just English majors and students studying communication skills? When I read the article titled Shifting roles:From language teachers to learning advisors by Brian R. Morrison and Diego Navarro, I change my belief about the role of a teacher in a language classroom. Since I started teaching English, I’ve always believed that a good English teacher is the one who always makes good preparations for lessons before classes and delivers them well in the classroom. By â€Å"deliver them well†, I mean the lessons are interesting and understandable to students. However, recently in the last meeting of a Listening course I’m in charge of, some students asked me whether I could help them with some more reference books for study outside classroom. Although I provided one reference book for this course in the syllabus, when asked this question, I suddenly realized that the number of extra materials I provided was so few that they didn’t help students much at all. Moreover, students also shared their worries about learning other skills such as Reading, Writing and Speaking, which makes me feel that as a teacher I fail to offer what students really need such as learning stralegies,etc. Therefore, after reading the article mentioned above, I think that the role of a teacher as a learning advisor is really important. However, I wonder if the role of a teacher as a learning advisor will replace the role of a teacher as a language teacher completely,or there should be a combination of the two roles of a teacher in a language classroom.

Fad diet Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fad diet - Research Proposal Example 2) Recently I have seen most of my friends and cousins discussing this issue. They somehow all seem to believe that these fad diets will magically transform them into some super models which is actually just the illusion shown to us in these fad diet advertisements. My core purpose of this article is to spread awareness among people like them. A. Research gathered so far: I have so far found that these fad diets cause nutritional deficiencies causing the body to suffer. Our body needs the natural nutrients present in the normal healthy diet. Not only this but it also causes certain metabolic problems because for which the chances of gaining weight more then before are heightened. These diets in most cases also lead to muscle loss and thus resulting in an unhealthy body. B. Research that needs to be gathered: Although a sufficient amount research is already present to prove my point and a lot of experienced people are more then willing to share their stories regarding this issue too, but what needs to be researched is how despite so much awareness people still fall in the traps of fad dieting. I will try to research on their various ways these advertisers conceal the truth and make this fad dieting as an attractive thing for people. III. Conclusion: I think that every one needs to ‘think before they act’. Nothing can be more important then health. It is an acceptable fact that a fit and beautiful body is an amazing thing to have but we should instead of using this temporary and artificial methods try to do something more natural and long lasting, like drinking loads of water and controlling the habits of over eating. These fad dieting might show wonderful results at first but sooner or later it turns into a regrettable decision since it is a matter of common sense that no such immediate changes to the body are ever good for

Organizational Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Security - Essay Example Some of the data is also available in the asset inventory. For instance, the number of failed network switches can be found in the section containing equipment meant for disposal. Risks the Institution Faces Absence of an IT Technician The IT technician is a very valuable member of staff. He is responsible for ensuring that all IT equipment function as expected. These include desktop machines, laptops, servers, projectors, switches, wireless access points, and LAN access ports. The technician is always on standby to respond to queries raised by users. In addition, the technician works with the system administrator, and IT manager, to install software, configure equipment, and implement any IT related project within the institution. The absence of the IT technician, perhaps due to sickness, death, resignation, or termination of employment, leaves a vacuum as far as his duties and responsibilities are concerned. As such, any tasks that require the technician’s input go unattende d to, hence, resulting in failures within the departments that rely on IT services. In order to protect the institution from the risk of lacking an IT technician, the IT department should make sure that there are at least two technicians on duty at any one time (Azari, 2003). If the department does this, then it will be highly unlikely that it loses the services of both technicians. Even if one is unwell, fired, or is away attending to other business, the other technician will be there to handle the queries. The Failure of the Software Development Process The IT department is tasked with the duty of providing applications for the institution. These applications are used to manage some of the activities in the institution; they include student registration and release of exam results. The department can either choose to develop the software or buy it off the shelf. The processes involved in development and purchase of software are complex and can fail if not handled carefully. Some o f the reasons that may cause failure are: i. The finances allocated for acquiring the software may not be sufficient. This happens when the department chooses to develop the software. There are instances where the department runs out of money and has to wait, for the next financial year, to receive additional funding. This creates delays or even leads to the termination of projects. ii. There is a high risk that software purchased from commercial vendors may fail to meet requirements. iii. Failure to adhere to recommended software development procedures. iv. Lack of cooperation from those targeted to use a software system. The university can carry out the following activities to ensure that it acquires quality software: i. Ascertain that designers get the precise requirements of the desired software, before making a decision on the appropriate option to take. ii. All the stakeholders should be included in the improvement process. This will inculcate a sense of ownership in them.

Statement of Cash Flows Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Statement of Cash Flows - Assignment Example Creditors can also use this statement to establish the credit worthiness of a company within a particular period. A firm with a healthy cash flow is characterized by the cash generated from operating activities (Needles & Powers, 2013). Even though income statements and balance sheets are used to establish a firm’s performance and heath (Harrison, Horngren, & Thomas, 2013), it is still imperative that firms prepare the statement of cash flow. For instance, shareholders need the statement of cash flows to check the adequacy of cash flow as a sign of the firm’s ability to pay dividends and expand its operations. Cash flow statement is used for short and long-term financial planning since it explains the reasons for a deficit or surplus in a firm’s liquidity position at the end of a particular period (Harrison, Horngren, & Thomas, 2013). Furthermore, a cash flow statement is mainly based on the actual cash concept; thus it is a critical tool for liquidity analysis of a company (Rich, Jones, Mowen, & Hansen, 2013). Users of the company’s annual financial reports can get a glance of the liquidity position of the company by looking at the statement of cash flows. This statement also helps in s treamlining a company’s internal financial management by providing information on the cash flow analysis of the company. Finally, the cash flow statement assists users of the annual financial report to examine the relationship between profitability, profits and the net cash flows of the company for a particular period (Mohana,

The Brand Crash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Brand Crash - Essay Example As part of this swing toward making everything an aspect of the brand, companies were beginning to recognize the power of the building to promote the brand itself. One of the companies to key into this idea early was The Body Shop, which expanded by as many as 50 stores per year beginning in 1988, even during the years of the recession. â€Å"Most baffling of all to Wall Street, it pulled off the expansion without spending a dime on advertising. Who needed billboards and magazine ads when retail outlets were three-dimensional advertisements for an ethical and ecological approach to cosmetics? The Body Shop was all brand† (Klein, 2000, p. 20). However, there has often been difficulty in getting business executives typically focused on the ‘bottom line’ to understand the significant assets architecture and design can be in developing the corporate brand, which, in turn, works to establish the company’s ultimate success. â€Å"While statistical analysis and e conometric techniques have been used to evaluate the trade-offs between alternatives, features, and prices for products, there has not been a tool to inform the design process of architecture, environmental graphic design, and the built environment. However, the ‘fixed assets’ of built environments, especially those of retail and consumer service sectors, are integrally linked to brand identity and equity† (Taylor, 2004). Investigating the roles of the architect and designer in relation to architecture and design to both promote the brand and foster cultural interaction with the public reveals various ways in which postmodernism reflects a cultural response to social and technological change.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Supply chain management also helps to improve customer service, thus increasing effectiveness. Supply chain management is an important aspect of operation management as it has profound effects on the successful functioning of an organization. Proper supply chain management can be used to eliminate redundancy and remove barriers arising from poor communication, by monitoring, controlling and coordinating the various processes within an organization. "Identifying the components of the supply chain, facilitating better decision-making, creating improved communication, and identifying weak links in the chain causing bottlenecks in an organization are crucial to supply chain integration. There are three principle elements of supply chain integration: management of information and financial flows, inventory management, and management of relationships of trading partners." (Power, 2005) According to Czinkota, Ronkainen and Moffett, supply chain management is the integration of three concepts; they are the systems concept, the total cost concept and the trade off concept. These concepts are also important to the business logistics. The system concept is based on the notion that materials- flow activities within and outside of the firm are so extensive and complex that they can be considered only in the context of their interaction. The system concept intends to provide the firm, its suppliers and its customers both domestic and foreign, with the benefits of synergism expected from the coordinated application of size. To get the system concept works, information flows and partnership trust are instrumental. Logistics capability is highly information dependent, since information availability is key in planning and to process implementation. (http://www.oppapers.com/topics/supply-chain-concepts/0) This paper discusses how the benefits reducing cost and profits can be achieved by utilizing information systems and information technology. I will also examine the supply chain processes between sellers and buyers. Due to continuous advancement in the field of information systems technology, it is possible for supply chain partners to coordinate more effectively to optimize the performance of their various organisations. Also, information sharing is a requisite in this coordination, and information sharing has been facilitated quite a lot by these advances in the field of information technology.According to Banavar et al, "Modern businesses are dynamic in nature and to stay competitive (organizations) need to optimize their business processes by understanding and reacting to the rapid changes in their environment" (Banavar, Black, Caceres, Ebling, et al, 2005) Serious use of supply chain management started in the 1980s. "It is to describe the range of activities coordinated by an organisation in order to procure and manage their supplies." (Oliver and Webber, 1982)Inventory control is a very essential part of the supply chain process of any organization, because inventory control has to do with reducing the cost of inventory. There are 3 major factors involved in the inventory control decision-making process. These are: The cost of shortage, i.e., what is lost if the stock is insufficient to meet all demand The cost of holding the stock The

Violence towards mental health nurses Research Paper

Violence towards mental health nurses - Research Paper Example In fact, the Australian Institute of Criminology has identified the health industry to be the most violent industry in the country, with registered nurses (RNs) recording the second highest number of violence-related workers compensation claims in year 1995 and 1996, ranking even higher than prison and police officers (Deans, 2004, p. 14). Patient violence on mental health care professionals not only leads to staff sickness and absenteeism but also to various psychological and mental distresses. Specific psychological problems include depression, anxiety, isolation, trauma (LeFlore & Bell, 2007, p. 147), post-traumatic stress disorders, loss of confidence, anger, fear, loss, distrust, and guilt (Whittington & Wykes, 1992; Doughty, 2005, p. 1). Understandably, these problems would adversely affect the therapeutic alliance between patients and HCPs (Watts & Morgan, 1994, p. 14; LeFlore & Bell, 2007, p. 147). In addition, this will also prevent optimal staff recruiting and retention of employees within the hospital (Doughty, 2005, p. 1). In a survey conducted by Duxbury & Whittington (2005, p. 469) on 80 mentally ill patients and 82 HCPs in three inpatient mental healthcare wards, it was found that that the patients regarded the poor facilities and communication as the two significant factors behind violence, whereas the nurses identified that the patients’ mental illness was the root cause for the violence. On the other hand, according to Glick and Fishkind (2008, p.117), the risk of violence in psychiatric care facilities include lower staff-to-patient ratio, higher percentage of female HCPs, and presence of staff without specific training in psychiatry or agression. The United States Department of Labor (2004, p. 7) also recognizes the lack of staff training as partly causing hostile and assaultive behavior of patients. Currently, the intervention strategies used to curb violence include stress management, rehabilitation of staff victims and providing th em a work environment that is not conducive to violent behavior (Warshaw & Messite, 1996, p. 993). Stathopoulou (2003, p. 4) suggested that the preventive measures on violence towards health care professionals should focus on three areas: hospital organization, arrangement of the physical environment, and staff training and development. Significance of the study With the increasing number of psychiatric patients, the potential for occupational violence for HCPs in psychiatric facilities is on the rise as well. The adverse effects of these incidents on work performance and retention of employees make it imperative for health institutions to provide effective means to prevent and manage aggression from psychiatric patients. Theoretical framework for the research methodology Figure 1. Theoretical framework for this research study This research proposal predicts that providing appropriate knowledge regarding the management and prevention of violent behavior from psychiatric patients thr ough training equips the HCPs the ability to protect themselves from the potential physical and psychological effects of aggressive behavior from their patients, and subsequently allows them to perform to the best of their abilities. Ultimately, the health institutions with trained HCPs benefit from increased work performance

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for Example Essay Example for Free

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for Example Essay If to create value means to create totally new value that never exist in its current society, media is impossible to create value. Media is always derived from our society, so it always reflects and display the value already exist in our society. But, some profound works will not Just simply reflect value, but extract values from our society, strengthen it and then can affect the value of our society, which will make people consider this works create value. One innate reason that make media always reflect the value of current society is, their authors come from the current society, who are already deeply affected by the alue around them. One example is what people like and feel in different times reflect in the music. 100 years ago, when more people live in the countries, life is more peaceful, and people more like quiet and simple life, country music are popular. At time that, the lyric of the country music reflect the peaceful and simple life people enjoy. But nowadays, in our modern life, more and more people live in modern city, crowded, noisy and stressful, which make people more easily feel angry and yearn for release. So todays pop music, reflecting our modern life, are more dynamic and quick, and most of them more noisy. Some lyric of the pop music will describe a people crying for his/her dissatisfaction and pressure from the society. Another good example that media reflect value of society is how people in different areas treat sex that affects their media. In some religious countries, people consider sex as a taboo. People tend to not talk about it in public. So it is not easy to see authors describe sex explicitly in their works, no mention that public media will advertize this topic. But in western countries, sex for their people, is Just a common and regular need in their value, so it is common to see that the medias come from estern countries will even describe sex. Simply to say, books, music and all kinds of different works and value always reflect the value of the current society in their time and area. If value totally never exist in the society, new value in media cannot be created or spread there. Although all works reflect the value of the current society, the profound works would extract and highlight the value, and apply it to affect the society where it comes from. For example, in renaissance times, lots of philosophers, thinkers and sociologists created works to diffuse their value, like people are all equal, people have the right ince their birth. This value has long and deep effect on the public people that incited people to stand up and resist the privileged class. But these great philosophers, thinkers and sociologists can put this value into their works and spread it because this value nas already existed in the society But this value is not so strong and well-known, what this works do is to strengthen and deepen it into the society. In sum, all media come from society so reflect the value where they are derived. But in some degree, some profound works can strengthen the value and affect the society.

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay Example for Free

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay Superstition, for the Ibo people provides explanations to unexplained phenomena. For example, their idea of the obanje explains a woman who has the misfortune of many children repeatedly dying as infants. The Oracle gives the Ibo people a way to feel connected with the gods. For the Ibo, the Oracle functions as a way to explain events, as well as a way to predict the future. The Ibo people go to the Oracle for advice. In some other cultures, people pray to their deity to be guided in the right direction or to understand why things happen the way that they do. When the Ibo people want to know what they must do, in an unclear situation (such as how to handle Ikemefuna), they consult the oracle. Most superstitions in the Ibo society are based on lack of knowledge about something. Superstition, in most societies, functions as an explanation for that which we cannot explain with science or logic. It also functions, sometimes, as a form of entertainment and as a way of promoting cultural unity. For example, the ritual involving ancestral spirits coming out to scare the women serves to promote togetherness in the community, to entertain, and to maintain religious and spiritual worship. Another superstition that the Ibo hold is that if you answer, yes? to a call from outside, it could be an evil spirit tricking you. It seems to be that this superstition serves a main purpose of making the people wary. Superstitions evolve from unanswered questions. In Ibo culture, things happened that the people did not understand. A woman would bear two children who looked alike. Perhaps the Ibo people were afraid of this occurrence and gradually began to believe that twins were evil. There is also the Ibo concept of the obanje, a wicked child who dies as an infant, only to reenter the mothers womb repeatedly, causing the parents pain and strife. Without modern medical technology, how would people explain a particular womans children always dying as infants? The Ibo people turned to superstition and folklore. It is not clear from where belief in the Oracle evolved. It seems, however, that this has been a tradition that has been passed on from many generations. A possible explanation would be that long ago one priest or  priestess was receiving many questions from villagers. Unsure of what to do, this priest may have gone into a dark cave to be alone and to try to find the answers from the gods. Perhaps the priest felt a special spiritual energy while inside of the cave, and determined that this must have been a place where he could communicate with the gods. Although the actual origin may be different, many superstitions evolve from this similar type of curiosity and searching for truth.

Archaeology: Imperialism, Colonialism and Nationalism

Archaeology: Imperialism, Colonialism and Nationalism How does archaeology interact with Imperialism, Colonialism and Nationalism? Have they contributed to archaeology in any way? Discuss with examples. When we look at the history of the archaeology, it can be said that the archaeology have always been a part of political activities however the most sensational and the conspicuous time of this interaction between archaeology and the politics can be dated after the French Revolution. With the French Revolution, the nationalism ideology raised and swiftly spread around the world with industrialization. At the first round, rising Nationalism awaken the curiosity of the people about their ethnicity. With this curiosity, people focused ethnicity researches to find out their origins and for this reason many archaeologist take a place in this quest. Governments started to support the archaeological excavations and many institutes started to be opened and many archaeology students started to be educated. In this manner, archaeologists’ interest began to turn form historic times to pre- historic times. With the emergence of Darwinian evolutionary theory, all these ethnicity research a nd the focus on the pre-historic excavations prepared foundation of Colonialism and Imperialism. Nationalism is defined by Trigger as â€Å"an all embracing sense of group identity and loyalty to a common homeland that is promoted by mass media, widespread literacy, and a comprehensive educational system.†(Trigger, 2007). As a result of Nationalism, in the 18th and 19th C. ,the ethnicity concept gained a significant role among the most European states and they started to courage pre- historic archaeologist to study the origins and early ethnic groups. Although all the European states made archaeology which serves to the nationalistic ideology, for me the most striking and passionate studies are done by Germans who carried nationalism into the fascism level in the Word War II. With the establishment of German Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistoric Archaeology, Germans began to be professional in the pre-historic archaeology and they introduced culture-historical approach to the archaeology (Trigger, 2007). For the nationalistic archaeology, Kossina is the most striking name for that period in German archaeology. He claimed that the Germans are the noblest topic for the archaeological research and criticized the archaeologists who were studying classical and Egyptian archaeology (Trigger, 2007). He seeks for the origins of Germans and he wrote â€Å"Die Herkunft der Germanen†. He evaluated his archaeological data in a biased way and this evaluation encouraged â€Å"Germans to regard Slavs and other neighboring E uropean peoples as inferior to themselves and which justified German aggression against these people† (Trigger, 2007). Although Kossina died in 1931, he continued to be effective on the nationalistic and racist actions of Germany. For example, Nazis supported their discourses by using the works of Kossina. As a result of the nationalistic and ethnic researches, people became more aware of the different nationalities -such as the French, Germans, and English etc. It encouraged thinking that the people are biologically different from one another; therefore their behavior was determined by these racial differences as opposed to social or economic factor. This kind of thinking led people to think about â€Å"the inequality of the races†. Gobineau, who was a part royalist French family, claimed that â€Å"the fate of civilization was determined by their racial composition† (Trigger, 2007). Also in this time, Darwin’s evolutionary thought started to interact with the ethnicity oriented and nationalistic archaeology. Darwin claimed that plants and animals pass on their characteristics to their offspring however different offspring vary from each other. He believed that some of these offspring suited to their environment than others. This idea was explaining tremendous variety and the complexity of the natural world. He published his ideas in â€Å"Origins of Species†. This book was highly effective on the Herbert Spencer who introduced the idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest† and applied this view into the archaeology to explain the human societies in uni-linear evolution concept. He claimed that all human societies move from simple to complex (Johnson, 2010). As a result of this interaction â€Å"inequality of races† idea had gained scientific credibility. Additionally to these ideas, in 19th century Lubbock suggested that as a result of natural section human groups had become different from each other not only culturally but also in their biological capacities to utilize culture (Trigger, 2007). He regarded Europeans as the product of intensive cultural and biological evolution. His idea used to legitimize the British colonization and the establishment of political and economic control on their colonies. He also vindicates British and American colonialist from the moral responsibility for the rapid decline of native peoples in North America, Australia and the Pasific. This decline of these peoples was not because of what colonialists were doing them but because of the natural selection. This type of modality toward the native people increased the colonialism and the imperialism all over the world. As a result of colonialism, â€Å"historians of archaeology have sometimes justified acts of colonialist usurpation in adopting ethnocentric viewpoints which presuppose that archaeological pieces are better conserved in Western museums.†(Abadà ­a, 2006). For an example, the situation of Elgin marbles can be mentioned in this matter. Evans says, in 1816, Elgin Marbles were brought to the British Museum and all the drawings, excavation and the exhibition coast like  £35,000 to the British government. In 1821, Greece separated from Ottoman Empire and it created an endless controversy about the propriety of the ‘marbles’. What is beyond all of this discussion most people think that they would have great damage if left in their original home (Abadà ­a, 2006). With the increasing industrialization, which is the period inventions and developments, created the ideas in diffusionism and the migration to explain the cultural differences in past cultures. Many of the researchers rejected the culture evolution theory. As result of this, the idea of psychic unity, which is introduced by Adolf Bastian, lost its importance. It made racism much more powerful because the belief that every culture has a potential to develop their culture is collapsed. The idea that indigenous people were viewed as biologically inferior to Europeans became much more solidified. Writers and social analysts claimed that human beings were not inherently inventive. If there is a development in culture it should be a reason of diffusionism or migration. Also they said that the change was naturally belong to the human nature and it was not beneficial to people. Therefore it is supported that unchanging societies are the most convenient to human being. In this manner, indepen dent development idea in the cultural changes ignored and a belief emerged which is particular inventions were unlikely to be made more than once in human history. This kind of discourses solidified perceptions about the savage people inferiority. In the United States, the ‘myth of the mound builders’ was aroused and it has been thought that these mounds could not have been built by the Native People of America, who were considered too savage. Instead, they were built by a ‘civilized’ race that disappeared a long time ago (Abadà ­a, 2006). When the people see the mounds in Zimbawe and investigators claimed that this similarity is the proof pf prehistoric white colonization in Southern Africa (Trigger, 2007). To sum up, the interaction between archaeology and Imperialism, Colonialism and Nationalism developed after the French Revolution. Archaeological studies and the scientific developments to answer the questions in the archaeology have been abused by the politicians. The archaeological studies which suit the politician were encouraged and supported financially. Although this mutuality helped the archaeological developments, the results that archaeology reached had been used to satisfy the nationalist, colonialist and imperialist actions. Bibliography Abadà ­a, Moro O. 2006. The History of Archaeology as a ‘Colonial Discourse’.Bulletin of the History of Archaeology16(2):4-17 Johnson, Matthew. 2010. Archaeology Theory an Introduction. Trigger, Bruce. 2007. A History of Archaeological Thought.

Hitler :: essays research papers

Adolph Hitler was responsible for World War II and the massacre of millions whom he thought to be inferior. He was also one of the most powerful and influential leaders of the 20th Century. Hitler single handedly built up his Nazi party into a massive power, which would eventually control most of Europe and North Africa. How is it, that a man of such evil had so much influence and control? We would like to think that never again will such tragedy occur. Never, would we let such a man into power. Yet, it happened in the 1930’s, only 70 years ago. What factors resulted in Hitler rising to power? Rather than one single reason, it was the perfect combination of luck and leadership, at just the right time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Austria, 1889, Klara and Alois became the proud parents of a baby boy – Adolph. As a young boy, he attended elementary school at the Benedictine monastery at Lambach. His early school years went well. Adolph earned good grades, became a choirboy, and anticipated one day becoming a Catholic priest. As he got older, he began getting into serious quarrels with his father. This fighting, he later claimed, caused his marks to slip. By the age of sixteen, he had quit school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once out of school, Adolph refused to find work or learn a trade. Rather, he spent his time going to the Opera, and reading. For hours on end, he would read books on German history and mythology. As a result of the reading, he soon found himself very concerned with the world’s tribulations. A school friend later recalled: â€Å"Hitler was always up against something and at odds with the world. I never saw him taking anything lightly.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the eager age of eighteen, Hitler had a new dream. He wanted to become an artist, as this was now his one true passion. The Vienna Academy of Fine Arts quickly turned him down after his entrance examination. This rejection would hurt him for his remaining life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another devastating event followed shortly after; the death of his beloved mother only four days prior to Christmas. Hitler later wrote: â€Å"It was a dreadful blow. I had honored my father, but my mother I had loved. Her death put a sudden end to all my high-flown plans. Poverty and hard reality compelled me to take a quick decision. I was faced with the problem of somehow making my own living.

Essay --

The key question of the survey was to answer if the public of the United States of America believe that obesity is a serious problem or not. The population of interest was the whole U.S citizens. The survey was done by a telephone interview, conducted on October 30-November 6, 2013, among a national sample of 2003 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone, as well as on a cell phone. The combination of landline and cell phone random digit dial samples were used; both samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Respondents in the landline sample were selected by randomly asking for the youngest adult male or female who is now at home. Interviews in the cell sample were conducted with person who answered the phone, if that person was an adult 19 years of age or older. The combined landline and cell phone sample are wei ghted using an interactive technique that matches gender, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, and nativity and region to parameters from the 2011 Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and population density to parameters from the Decennial Census. The sample also weighted to match current patterns of telephone status and relative usage of landline and cell phones. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both landline and cell phones have a greater probability of being included in the combined sample and adjusts for household size among respondents with a landline phone. The sampling frame only includes those who are United States citizens and have registered their contact number into the directory. The sampling... ...response between male and female: women are slightly more likely than men to say that obesity is a serious public health problem (72% vs. 66%). In addition, those who describe themselves as overweight are as likely as others to say that obesity is a very serious public health problem (70% vs. 69%). The conclusions stated by The Pew Research Center are somewhat agreeable for the statistics clearly supports the argument. Just looking at the statistics provided, it is simple to conclude that no matter what situation a person is in, the citizens of America believe that obesity is a serious medical issue. However, I believe the survey cannot be generalized to the population of interest due to the fact that the number of individuals interviewed are to small compared to the whole population of the United States, thus, enabling wide variety of opinions across the country. Essay -- The key question of the survey was to answer if the public of the United States of America believe that obesity is a serious problem or not. The population of interest was the whole U.S citizens. The survey was done by a telephone interview, conducted on October 30-November 6, 2013, among a national sample of 2003 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone, as well as on a cell phone. The combination of landline and cell phone random digit dial samples were used; both samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Respondents in the landline sample were selected by randomly asking for the youngest adult male or female who is now at home. Interviews in the cell sample were conducted with person who answered the phone, if that person was an adult 19 years of age or older. The combined landline and cell phone sample are wei ghted using an interactive technique that matches gender, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, and nativity and region to parameters from the 2011 Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and population density to parameters from the Decennial Census. The sample also weighted to match current patterns of telephone status and relative usage of landline and cell phones. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both landline and cell phones have a greater probability of being included in the combined sample and adjusts for household size among respondents with a landline phone. The sampling frame only includes those who are United States citizens and have registered their contact number into the directory. The sampling... ...response between male and female: women are slightly more likely than men to say that obesity is a serious public health problem (72% vs. 66%). In addition, those who describe themselves as overweight are as likely as others to say that obesity is a very serious public health problem (70% vs. 69%). The conclusions stated by The Pew Research Center are somewhat agreeable for the statistics clearly supports the argument. Just looking at the statistics provided, it is simple to conclude that no matter what situation a person is in, the citizens of America believe that obesity is a serious medical issue. However, I believe the survey cannot be generalized to the population of interest due to the fact that the number of individuals interviewed are to small compared to the whole population of the United States, thus, enabling wide variety of opinions across the country.

CTLLS Understanding Assessment in Education and Training Essay

Assessment is the act of appraisal, assessing or evaluation of the achievement of a student on a course (Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols, 2006). Similarly, Gravells (2013) defined assessment as the act of judging something or the process of observing students behavior samples and drawing inferences about the abilities and knowledge of the students. Educational assessment, on the other hand, is the process of documenting beliefs, attitudes, skills and knowledge usually in measurable terms. The educational assessment can focus on the learning community, individual learner, the education system, and the institution. When the teachers are doing assessments, they look at the behavior of the student’s by using variety of types of assessment in order to get the most accurate of the overall progress of the students (SQA, 2014). The purposes of types of assessment used in education and training Individual assessment-this is conducted prior intervention or instruction to establish the basis from which the individual growth of the student can be measured. The purpose of this type of assessment is to know the skill level of the student about a project and in helping the teacher in explaining the material more efficiently (SQA, 2001). Formative assessment- this is carried out throughout the project or course in general. The purpose of formative assessment is to aid learning and provide the teacher with the feedback of the work of the students (SQA, 2014). Summative assessment- this is carried out at the end of the project or course generally and are evaluative in nature. The purpose of summative assessment is to assign a course grade to the students and to summarize everything the students have learnt and in finding out if they understood it well. Diagnostic assessment- the purpose of diagnostic assessment is to improve the experience of the learner and their achievement level (SQA, 2014). Informal assessment- these result from the day-to-day spontaneous observations of the teachers of how the students perform and behave in class. The purpose of informal assessment is for the teacher to learn important insights into the abilities, inabilities and misconceptions of the students that might not be accurately represented through other formal assessments (SQA, 2001). The effectiveness of assessment methods used in education and training in relation to meeting the individual needs of learners Observation- formative peer observation helps in the improvement of teaching (Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols, 2006). Summative peer observation, on the other hand, involves evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching used for tenure, promotion and merit of decisions. Peer classroom observations are effective because they offer insights regarding improvement of the individual needs of the learners and in improvement of teaching. Moreover, the teachers will gain new perspectives and ideas about teaching through observation from their colleagues. This will improve the ability of teaching (Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols, 2006) questioning- it is one of the assessment methods used by teaches naturally daily in classroom in testing whether the learners have, understood, learnt and progressed ultimately against the defined learning objectives at the start of the session (Gravells, 2013). Tests- these are undertaken while the learning of the students is taking place with the purpose of improving learning and teaching of the individual students. They are effective since it capture the progress of the student in a program or in the institution (SQA, 2001). Professional discussion- it provides a holistic approach when conducting knowledge assessment and understanding. The method is useful and effective in determining the performance of the candidate and also the candidates’ abilities in decision making and analysis. SQA (2001) asserted that professional discussion method is one of the best ways of testing reliability and validity of the candidates evidence Witness testimony- it is one of the most reliable evidence resources if the witness is authentic. It is effective and a useful tool in helping in authentication of the evidence that the claim of the candidates have produced (SQA, 2014). Assignment- this is a problem solving exercise having clear structure, guidelines and specified length. According to Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols (2006), assignment is specifically suited to the learning outcomes assessment concerned with application of the learning skills and the knowledge and understanding related to a situation involving management of tasks. Assignment is effective as an assessment method since its development is relatively straightforward. It can also access a wide range of both practical and cognitive competencies, furthermore, it provides the candidates with a good opportunity of demonstrating initiatives. Lastly, Gravells (2013) stated that it can be used in integrating assessment across units and outcomes. Case study- according to SQA (2014), it consists of an event description normally in a text, electronic recording or a picture that concerns real situation. The case study is then followed multiple instructions prompting the candidate to analyze the situation, identify core issues and make conclusions before making suggestions or decisions on the course of action. Case studies are effective because it provides good opportunities for the learners to exercise skills in decision making and problem solving. Moreover, it allows the learners to demonstrate skills in time management, information gathering and analysis. Projects- this is an essay substantially written, treating issue or subjects in depth in a formal and methodological manner. The project is always based on literature research for the subject or even original research. Project assessment methods are effective in testing the ability of the learners in applying knowledge critically, evaluating evidence from different sources and drawing valid conclusions from the evidence and finally presenting their ideas in a coherent and clear report (SQA, 2001). Moreover, projects are effective since they allow scope for self-expression, and tests skill of higher order. The internal and external assessment requirements and related procedures of learning programs Internal and awarding organization’s requirements The school setting or a learning institution accepts the drive of improving teaching by making sure that the assessment serve the teaching purpose, and that the teaching is not negatively affected by assessments put in place for accountability. According to Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols (2006), successful teaching is grounded on evidence and are produced by learners during the activities of learning and in assessments, that shows whether; a learner has understood and learned and is capable of applying in different situation despite many attempts of learning and teaching, a learner has not yet understood and showed achievement a learner is ready for learning teaching and learning have not yet been successful Record keeping According to Gravells (2013), the assessors need to keep their assessment records they have undertaken on the learners. It is necessary to keep records because it allows tracking of the learners’ progress. Moreover, the external and internal verifiers will use the records in helping them in selecting sample decision of assessments for review. Lastly, the records can also be usd when monitoring the quality assurance activities in the school center. Learner tracking Learners tracking as a related procedure of learning program is significant to the assessor in thinking about the leaner during the assessment. According to SQA (2014), in tracking the learner, the assessor need to reflect on the following questions on the way of involving and tracking the learner in the process of assessment. This encourages a sense of ownership to the process of learning: Does the process of assessment match the knowledge acquisition sequence, and skills development in the training/learning program? Have the assessor avoided excessive assessment by making a consideration on the learners’ workloads in across and within subjects? Have the assessor reduce over assessment by finding opportunities of combining the assessments? Can the assessor identify instances of evidence that are naturally occurring? Is the required time for assessment realistic? Have the assessor considered using the e-assessment? Monitoring progress In the educational system, it is very important to know the extent of the progress towards objectives, aims and levels, and therefore the assessment concentrate often on finding out how much have been learnt by the learners. This is either done formally or informally. According to SQA (2001), in worst cases, this assessment type intensifies focus on the accountability disregarding the teaching quality. Johnson, Mims-Cox, & Doyle-Nichols (2006) indicated that if there is a lot of pressure of achieving targets and to showing progress to the parents, it is likely that the teaching will imitate assessment. Gravells (2013) asserted that this is when the assessment negatively influences teaching. Quality systems They monitor progress of the learners and the assessment and are presented as a tool of improving teaching. This suggests that identifying reasons and remedies is practically the same as identifying gaps. At best, quality systems provide profile that use fine grained on common curriculum, and offer activities for remediation that are online (SQA, 2001). The ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in assessing learners.Minimum core according to SQA (2014) is a way in which the tutor imbedding the functional skills to the learners such as English and mathematics. This can be achieved in different ways such as use of electronic white board activities that promotes ICT skills and English and allow students to a more present approach. Similarly, handouts can be used to ensure the learners have a direction and quantity in learning. The effectiveness of my own assessment practice The most significant factor in meeting the learners’ needs is understanding their individual learning requirements and needs. In my assessment practice, this has been my foundation for achievement especially the classroom environment. Currently in my practice, I have a group of 30 students, and therefore individual assessment of each and every student needs an understanding of each individual need and support for them to achieve the set objectives. My assessment has been effective since I have used multiple assessment methods such as observation and professional discussion hence allowing my students to achieve maximally and holistically. Moreover, my assessment practice has been effective because my rate of course completion is high, student satisfaction is excellent and the direct feedback I get from the industry has been positive. Moreover, I believe my assessment method is excellent because I do keep personal records of my resources and the instructional strategies I applied during my practice that were either useful or not useful. Lastly, I do participate in the informal and formal assessment and moderation in addition to undertaking professional development such as the PD program which I hope will help me in building continuous improvement in my practice. Areas for improvement in your own assessment practice Currently in my practice, there are also some areas that needs improvement. During my practice, I always ensure that I have enough resources in meeting the learners’ needs and for each of the units they learn. The first area that needs improvement is development of new resources and the learning processes since the resources available are limited. The organization where I practice need to put proper measures of ensuring that the resources are available for proper learning and assessment of the learners Secondly, I believe I need to improve on adopting the online and digital method of assessments like the e-assessments. This is because of their reliability compared to other methods. Moreover, e-assessment is easy to use where there are many learners. Moreover, it is easy to make comparison of the assessments results from different learners than using observation method in conducting the assessments. I also think that I should involve my students more in the assessment process than before, and monitor their skill development and progress. This is because the learners are involved in the training because they want to develop knowledge and skills that is needed to compare their training course, get the credentials and then apply their skills in their places of work. Conclusion In conclusion, the essay report discussed the research carried out on assessing learners in education and training. It discussed the purposes of different types of assessment, and analyzed the effectiveness of different assessment methods in relation to meeting the individual needs of the learners. Moreover, I identified the internal and external assessment requirements and related procedures of learning programs. The report also analyzed the ways in which minimum core elements in assessing learners can be demonstrated. Finally, the report reflected on what I have done and presented an evaluation that reviewed the effectiveness of my own assessment practice, taking account of the views of learners and others. Furthermore, it identified areas for improvement in my own assessment practice. References Gravells, A. (2013). The award in education and training. Los Angeles, California: SAGE. Johnson, R. S., Mims-Cox, J. S., & Doyle-Nichols, A. (2006). Developing portfolios in education: A guide to reflection, inquiry, and assessment. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. Scottish Qualifications Authority. (2001). Guide to internal moderation for SQA centres. Glasgow: Scottish Qualifications Authority. Retrieved from http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCIQFjAA&url=http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/ProfessionalDiscussion.pdf&ei=VlqiVKuqGoOAzAOPs4CQCw&usg=AFQjCNEmQ0k81HwhkjtiYiU__r2ft3ZbZA&sig2=UQ4WNDtx642VM1OKCk6wUA&bvm=bv.82001339,d.ZGUScottish Qualifications Authority. (2014).Internal Assessment, External Assessment, and Assessment for Learning — a think piece for those involved in developing assessments. (2014, January 1). Retrieved December 30, 2014, from http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/25GuideToAssessment.pdf&ei=VlqiVKuqGoOAzAOPs4CQCw&usg=AFQjCNHimFgXezPk-X8HlGSKZW94HkSMiA&sig2=iFz8zIK5iTW2A_b17JdJqQ&bvm=bv.82001339,d.ZGU Source document

English Beowulf Essay

Beowulf will be missed for his courageous actions, compassion towards his people and his strong will to fight. He was loved by his people and all people that he helped. Beowulf was a strong warrior that would never back down from a challenge. If he saw trouble, no matter what country, he would do go to the country to defeat their monster. He has fought and won battles against many monsters. He also cared about people from other countries. He went to Denmark to save Hrothgar and his people from the monster Grendel. He did not do this for the money that he would receive after he did it for glory and to bring peace to Denmark. He cared about his people and his comrades, and would never back down from a fight. He always wanted fame and he received it up until his death. Everyone thought very highly of him. He always said that if anything were to happen to him he would want his belongings to go to his people and his king. He did not show this pleasant side of him to his enemies. To his enemies he was a ruthless killer who could not be defeated. To his people, he was a loving king. In his prime, it did not matter what was put up against him, he would defeat the enemy. He did not particularly care for his riches but for his glory and for his people. He was always helping people and doing his best to win a fight. He fought up until the very end, freeing the Geats of the fire breathing dragon. He was very old, but still on his own, went out to save his country and defeat the dragon. He did defeat the dragon along with our king Wiglaf. He rest forever with the treasures that he won in his final conquest. I have been assigned to write an English poetry coursework, I was given a range of two poems to choose to analyse. The two poems I was given to choose to analyse are the following:  Firstly, â€Å"I am not that Woman†, which is written by the Asian poet Kishwar Naheed, the poem was translated in to English from Urdu.  And secondly  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Once upon a Time†, this is written by Gabrael Okara.  I have chosen to analyse the essay on the poem â€Å"I am not that Woman.  Kishwar Naheed was born in Bulandshahr, which is situated in India, in 1940. She is one of the best-known feminist poets of Pakistan, even at this present moment, her mother tongue was Urdu so many of the poems were originally written in Urdu. It also says that she has written ten collections of poetry, one of them poems is written on the state of women in the early days.  The poet experiences the situation that the women in the past had no rights and were tortured, in other words women were discriminated. The poet has a purpose of the poem, the theme of the poem is to convey the message that Asian women are not that type of women who were unable to do things, for example, money weren’t given to women to spend on either necessities or anything, they were also locked up in rooms and simply saying that their lives were just ruined. The feeling of the poet are at first distress that it makes a female reader feel extremely emotional about the fact that she has the ability of writing such words in front of the world asking for freedom. The poem has five stanzas, every line of the stanza is explained below.  At the beginning of each stanza, Kishwar writes that I am not that woman, the whole purpose of this to emphasise the importance of women rights. She says ‘selling you socks and shoes’, the meaning to say this is that she is not them woman who get extremely less money for work. After writing this she says, ‘remember I am the one you hid in your walls of stone’, the words which come out of her mouth are not true but she is explaining the sentence by using metaphors, she conveys the message that she was restricted to go out, it is a jail and nobody could come out to do work or even shopping. Kishwar says that ‘while you roamed’, the women could not step out of their houses to even meet their friends, it was like depressing inside the jail for them and the men had soft times to have a laugh, repenting was not in the men’s lives and did feel ashamed of doing such acts as beating, swearing and how cruel they were. Moving on to the next line which talks about freedom of men the poet says ‘free as the breeze, not knowing that my voice cannot be smothered by stones’, the meaning of this is that if she was to shout at someone outside to escape from the trap, it is not like this that her power of speech was controlled.

Filipino Slang Words Essay

Throughout the generation, one can already make a separate dictionary for the great number of Filipino slang terms created. However one term can definitely catch one’s attention, which is exactly what the term’s meaning is. Have you ever been in a situation where a person has been called epal? What exactly is being epal? Urban Dictionary defines it as ‘a person who goes into a situation wherein his presence is not needed or in a place he does not belong’. The term epal has been derived from the word ‘pumapapel’ or ‘mapapel’ which means someone who intervenes with affairs of others or impedes with the concerns of a group with no relation to him with the intention of trying to become the center of attention. It can be inferred that it is an example of salitang kalye or balbal in Filipino language and has an unclear etymology. Although unclear is its roots, epal is similar to other Filipino slang terms and it is certain that there is a catalyst for these words to be created. Hence, it is not only about using epal as either an insult or a label because it is also an element of language variation. Relevantly, slang terms are codes or â€Å"mechanisms† that reflect social awareness or circumstances happening around an individual (Newsome, n.d.) The term can be traced to the culture of the Philippines. Knowing that it is part of our language and culture, it is ought to be elaborated for it allows the discovery of the pattern of formation of words like it and what it has to do with our identity. This one word could even identify the image of Filipino society in the micro-level. The term epal is a proof of the diversity of the Filipino language because of its connotation in the past and present, impact to society and contrasting themes with other similar terms in the Philippines. On account of being a mainstream negative label for someone, the attribute of epal has extended to the usage in the social and political dimension. There are hundreds of situations one can recognize someone as epal. In the social scene, media might use epal as an interesting element in a show. One can imagine a girl with her quickly beating heart, and blushing cheeks that seem like roses blossoming and sparkling eyes hidden and focused on the ground to avert the eyes directed toward her. In an inconspicuous location after school hours, she called this boy full of determination but now it was as though her courage was being drained from her. Presently, she is standing before the man of her dreams and is ready to confess her overflowing emotion. Both are anxious of their presence and what is about to happen. Beginning to explain, she spoke to the boy in a soft-spoken yet determined voice. As soon as she was about to confess her pure and deep love, the whole atmosphere is ruined and the mood is after a teacher appeared. The romance between the princess and the prince is destroyed by the dragon and to what they thought was going to be their happy ending, it ended painfully before it even began. An epal is a person who intervenes with people or thwarts plans. In a political scene, again one can imagine a person walking down the street, and he sees posters everywhere of incompetent politicians declaring their vow to the progress of this country. It was the same vow they made during the previous campaign period where they won, and currently their promises are insubstantial. Completely infuriated by this, he goes home and tries to ease his mind so he turned the television on to watch his favourite show. Giggles and tears were expressed; the person was concentrated veritably on the show for the storyline was reaching its climax. Then, the epal struck once more; a campaign advertisement showed the same shameless politician, who pretended to help the adults and children by giving them goods and smiles at a populated squatter area. At such a premature period, he was already campaigning and promoting his kupal side. An epal is one who schemes and gets as much opportunity as possible to get attention. To distinguish further, an epal is characterized as: first, he is treated like an outcast when he is forcing his way in to a group he does not belong or he is not welcome in. Second, a person who assigns himself with more work so he seems the good guy in the group but actually he receives pity and the work he assigned for himself is given to others so he is left with none. He is a cunning extra character in a movie trying to create his own script in the film, so he can get the credit for the success of the movie and get more attention. Boosting the ego through vexatious ways, it is what an epal does. As is any other term, there must have been a cause as to why slang words are formed. Though epal has a vague etymology, it has motivators for it to be integrated in the Filipino vocabulary. First, according to Zorc (1993), Filipinos establish the idea of a slang terminology â€Å"by borrowing from other languages, by giving new meanings to pre-existing words by coining or creating original forms, or by using numbers as a kind of â€Å"in-group codes† (as cited in Derivation of Slang Words, para. 1) The explanation for the existence of epal can be identified as coinage, or invented words completely or almost varying from the words they had been based on. It has reshaped the term through the process of metathesis and reduction. Metathesis or agglutination is simply the rearrangement of sounds and syllables in a word to produce new terms that may or may not have the same meaning as the original word (Derivation of Slang Words, n.d.). During the 1970s, the process of agglutination become popular and it might be the reason why we have epal (Tan, 2009). Reduction is the truncation or removal of a letter or a group of letters in a word. Example of these are Erap from the word pare (brother or friend), as well as yosi and siga (a brute) from sigarilyo (cigarette). Second, the likely cause of the creation of epal, similar to other salitang kalye at balbal, is being relative to the situation the term epal was formed. The result is a product that suits its social environment. Epal’s locus and period of time of creation has influenced and contextualized the term. Areas of the masa, or the middle and lower class Filipinos and further popularized by the media is the likely origin of epal. It is proven that slang terms are more likely to flourish in the scene of the masa but it is not absolute in all cases for even in college or in other various settings, people create their own slang, jargon and register. As a result, epal is evidence that our language is diversified and made more unique, through its regular usage rather than using foreign language. Epal has observantly contributed to our media and politics. In social context, media has made it famous because celebrities, hosts, and showbiz gossip people use it; it has become a staple label for people regardless whether they deserve it or not. Another effect would be that media has used epal characters frequently in comedy programs and use them for humor in romantic shows or rom-coms in short. They are portrayed as people who are annoying and uncontrollably butts in conversations, break up friendship among people, or someone who likes to brag and present himself to other uninterested people. He is a typical fool or clown. In political context, DSWD has used the term and launched its program after this. The â€Å"Anti-epal† campaign is against the â€Å"epals† in our community. These are politicians and political groups that ‘use the Conditional Cash Transfer Program, also known as PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program, to threaten beneficiaries and take advantage of their roles in the forthcoming elections (Fernandez, 2013). The epals here have the same essence as the social context but has integrated it into their own conditions. Looking at these instances, epal is a slang term created by and for vendors, pedicab drivers or loiterers in the street. It can symbolize a cry for patriotism and change. These effects show that even a term like epal affects not only our language but also the people themselves. From the unique term epal, other terms have branched out from it such as kupal and kapalmuks. The variety of such creative words in Filipino slang vocabulary is too many to identify; its usage changing through periods of time and its trend fluctuating through succeeding generations. Epal, kupal and kapalmuks have been used interchangeably but in actuality they differ in: representation and degree. The word kupal originated from the language of Cebu. Similar as epal, kupal is also a master in the field of being an irksome pest but it specifically means an obnoxious person. Furthermore, it may be described as a person doing irresponsible actions and being ignorant of its consequences. The degree of the term kupal is greater than epal because it expresses a stronger feeling of frustration when one is called kupal. Hence, it can only be used as an insult. A person being kupal may not actually always be impudent, yet the person will always be considered repugnant. An instance could be whenever a person makes decisions without good discretion and this wrong judgement has caused grave results to him and others as well. First aspect of a kupal is that the person lies frequently and blatantly to get what he wants. The second aspect of a kupal is that the person recklessly does things and insensitively involves people with him. Ultimately, the primary difference between epal from kupal is the depth of both terms’ to denominate an individual’s acrimony to a person. Conversely, kapalmuks is pure shamelessness. It is the contraction of the Filipino phrase â€Å"kapal ng mukha† which exactly means being thick-faced or to be put simply have no sense of modesty in oneself. Both kapalmuk and epal are almost synonymous with each other. Both are vainglorious and egotistic, but epal tends to meddle with people’s businesses while a kapalmuk fixes himself in showing off for the praise. Kapalmuks is the state of shamelessness to the extreme degree, greater than an epal. An epal might self-promote through people, or social channels like giving himself most of the credit for a project that he had negligible collaboration with (Esguerra, 2011). Brazenly stepping into an affair and wanting to help very pretentiously, an epal gains popularity with his non-existent contributions and solutions. Randy David of Inquirer claimed this to be the â€Å"new narcissism† (De Veas Insigne, 2011) Contrariwise, a kapalmuk associate himself with people to seek attention rather he would spotlight himself. In a clearer manner, a kapalmuk is personified and can be seen here in the Philippines where walls of cities are turned into photo albums or scrapbooks by politicians. Everywhere, they put tarpaulins, posters, ads, infograph and other propaganda of politicians about themselves. The affected are just not facades, buildings or electric posts; license plate, permits, etc. are also marked by politicians’ faces. Although an epal can be intolerable, a kapalmuk can be disgraceful to himself and other people. Despite arguments claiming slang words in the language of Filipinos for instance epal, astig, damulag, bulalo, and jologs as detrimental to our culture for it makes our language a lowly, menial and ineffective medium in communication, slang terms are actually one characteristic of language which represents diversity at the same time solidarity. Coinages of Filipino terms prove that the language is ever evolving. It does not matter if it is barbaric or jargon but the important thing is that these words convey some aspect of truth in the world. The term epal then, represents the truth of having an exasperating character whether in real life or in a TV show. A person being epal is characterized as an outcast of in a group or a prideful extra in a movie. Similar as any slang word, it has its origin and during the trend of deriving slang in the 70s, epal took its form from the word ‘pumapapel’. Its effects to the Philippine community are that it is a recurring theme in the entertainment side and has been used to label people from the political arena. Epal may simply describe an attention seeking person but this is just a manifested purpose of the term. Its latent purpose might be to depict people in the country that are damaging this society. The significance of words in our language such as epal is not just to know a description for an enemy you have, it is much more complex than that. According to Gibbs (1994), Slang can be defined as â€Å"dynamic variety of language that is used to show solidarity and claimin-group membership† (as cited in Newsome, para. 2). It is in this light that we can deduce that when one culture creates slang it means that people are comfortable with the people they are mingling with and this strengthens the affiliation between a group either through race, language, belief, etc. Hence, it is right to say that bekimons, gay people in the Philippines, do not just cluster around their sexual orientation but also the language that they speak of. Lodge in his work â€Å"The Pragmatics of Slang† concisely explained it in his first of three features of language variation, that â€Å"a broad and increasing lexicon is essential in order to express the ‘nuances’ of human emotions and personal identity and experiences† We create these slang words because these words embody our troubles and our personality; the whole essence of us. Words mean nothing if these do not help define ideas and thoughts of the people. The word epal entails the idea of the generation when it was made and is being used. Thus, epal may, in the future, disappear in the following generations but the language of Filipinos will still be evolving. References: Arriola, B. So what’s epal (2012, September 03) Retrieved from Beltran, C. Beyond epal†¦it’s kapal (2012, September 12) Retrieved from http://www. De Guzman, L. In the know: ‘Epal’ (2011, November 04) Retrieved from De Veas Insigne, Y. (2011, November 17) Anti-epal bill is ok but how about the kapalmuks? Retrieved from http://www.yodisphere.com/2011/11/anti-epal-bill-is-ok-but-how-about.html DSWD to launch anti-epal campaign (2013, February 03) Retrieved from Epal : Pinoy Slang. (n.d.) Retrieved from Epal : Urban Dictionary (n.d) Retrieved from Esguerra, C. V. (2011, November 04) Sen. Santiago to shame vain politicians thru ‘anti-epal’ bill† Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Essay

Literature is considered a mirror of the society. The pool of content in literary writing stems from the environment in which the writer is placed. A writer will use this environment to advance his/her views of the society and at the same time drive into the audience/readers important information that he/she wishes to pass. Hunter S. Thompson has used his creativity in the novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas written in the 1960s to reflect on American society with Las Vegas as the point of reference. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas describes the American society as hypocritical. The Duke and Gonzo attend a conference on narcotics and dangerous drugs. The theme of the conference is slated as an appeal for knowledge sharing on drugs between those with knowledge on drugs and those that do not. Their attendance is hypocritical in that they have already decided that they were not going to offer their services at the conference. Thompson on page 143 notes that Duke and Gonzo had made it clear that they would be crazy to try any teaching at the conference and they would rather sit and enjoy their drugs. Furthermore, the police who are tasked with law enforcement are also hypocritical, instead of enforcing laws on drugs and alcoholism they engage with criminals in committing crimes. This is illustrated by the police officer from Georgia. Secondly, the American society is as a blacked out society. Drugs, alcoholism and black market enterprises characterize a blacked out society. A black market society is a consumer based society characterized by both legal and illegal business the duke and the attorney are not drug dealers but heavy consumers. As soon as they get to Mint hotel the Attorney orders four shrimp cocktails, four club sandwiches, quart rum and fresh grape fruits. He says they will need to have all they can get. There stay in Las Vegas is characterized by heavy drug abuse and alcoholism. The sorry state of this vices forces the administration to organizes conference to tackle issues of drugs and alcohol dubbed In addition, Fear and Loathing Las Vegas reveals racist nature of the American military and the decay of moral values. This is portrayed in a copy of the Las Vegas Sun newspaper. â€Å"†¦she was just a slope anyway.† This is in reference to killing of Asiatic origin person. His killing is considered right for simple reason that he from the race of the enemy camp. A ‘slope’ referred to Asiatic community. The massive killings during the Vietnam War were ironically regarded as success by the American government. As the Duke continues to read the newspaper, a small article talks about how Mohammed Ali has a final appeal of a case in court which he had been sentenced to five years in prison for refusing to kill â€Å"slopes.† This illustrates the moral decay of the society. A criminal was likely to get a shorter jail term than a person who had refused to join the military and aid in killings. What is right is considered a serious offence. Consumerism and capitalist culture has been embraced in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. This is well brought out by the two protagonists in the novel. The lifestyle of the Duke and his attorney on the journey to Las Vegas is characterized by heavy spending on drugs, accommodation, transportation and gambling. Duke says their car trunk looked like a police narcotics lab (Thompson 4). This shows they had bought so many expensive drugs which the writer goes ahead to acknowledge that they did not actually need but for the fun of it. Moreover, the two protagonists are searching for American dream using a fascinating car â€Å"†¦we are looking for the American dream†¦that is why they gave us this white Cadillac† (Thompson 164). This demonstrates the capitalist nature. The car has to be a Cadillac which was a status car of the might in the society. Lastly, the novel’s central theme revolves around the American dream. The American dream is an idea stating that success comes through hard work. However, the dream is a dying one which has not materialized because of the society’s greed, selfishness and corruption as depicted in Fear and Loathing in Vegas by Thomson. Drug business, prostitution and gambling have replaced legal businesses in Las Vegas. Law forces have been tangled up in this game as they watch this acts being committed for a few pennies from the dealers. The picture of a crowd of Las Vegas residence in a casino at early hours of the morning gives more dimensions to the American dream. Emerging from a casino having won seems to epitomize what the society feels about the American dream. Patriotism among American citizens in the pursuit of this dream cannot be disputed despite being portrayed negatively. The Duke says â€Å"†¦I will have a natural American car or nothing at all† (Thompson 104). This illustrates pride in American products as opposed to products from other countries. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Thompson Hunter S. arguments have negatively portrayed the American society in the 1960s and 1970s. Drugs and alcohol abuse, racism, hypocrisy, failed institutions and the dying American dream continue to daunt the image of the Las Vegas society. However all is not lost as the issues addressed have continued to be a point of reference not only to the Americas past but the future ambitions. Thompson plays his role as an author in bringing into public what is ethically wrong or right. Reference Thompson, Hunter S. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. London: Flamingo, 1972 Source document

A Worn Path, An Analysis :: American Literature, Literary Analysis

I believe the conflict in the story is an internal one. I think it is the conflict between the old woman's will power and Mother Nature. She encounters many obstacles that would influence most people to give up but she has motivation to get her task done. These encounters include a bush catching onto her dress, a scarecrow frightening her and discouragement from a white man. She also had to climb hills, cross streams and crawl under barbed wire fences which is certainly not considered an easy task for an elderly woman.. If I was forced to deal with these obstacles I know that I would most likely have turned around but her will power was too strong to let Mother Nature win. I believe that the climax is on page 91 when Phoenix arrives at the town. "All right. The doctor said as long as you came to get it, you could have it." At this point I felt a huge sigh of relief because the conflict had officially been solved. Phoenix made a journey to get medicine that was necessary for her grandson and she finally got it! It is as though all of her hard work paid off in the end and as the reader I can feel the emotions of the elder woman. Although I feel as though there are many literary elements throughout this short story such as characterization and theme, I also feel as though symbolism is very important as well. First of all, I believe that the name Phoenix in itself is symbolic for the type of person the old woman truly is. A Phoenix is a mythological creature who dies in fire and rises from ashes only to be stronger. It is as though all of these hardships only make the old woman more determined to complete her journey successfully.

Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resource Management - Essay Example Risk management and improving value should be the key measures to be taken by the CIO. The Cohen act also goes ahead to state the functions of a CIO which is mostly taking measurement of the performance in the company. Performance in the company can be measured according to how much it is of benefit to the company. This is a very key area in the performance management process. The CIO has to develop maintain and facilitate the IT architecture. He should come up with goals and see them through. The CIO should take performance measures to find out the viability of the set goals in regards to the losses the company has suffered and the risks apparent. These risks should be well analysed by the CIO and a plan to execute change should be formulated. Considering the various roles the CIO has to play, there are various executive decisions that will need to be made in light of the problems and risks noted. One of the problems cited was the company expenditure. The company expenditure will be keenly observed to find out which areas exactly take more than necessary. Once found the CIO should come up with way to improve on accountability and service delivery to the consumers at the very end. With a proper financial report on the expenditure in technology in any given financial year should be enough to help the stakeholders make important decisions that will directly affect the company. Communication breakdown between the management and the business units on their job descriptions cost the company a fortune and by communicating through the various channels available would be very essential in ensuring that everyone does what is expected of them. Good communication between all the ranks in the company will ensure that the company goals are properly communicated to all that it concerns and this way, the waste in the system will be easily eliminated. The

Sustainability and Prefabrication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainability and Prefabrication - Essay Example However, the definition is insufficient since the definition for the term need is opposed to wants and luxury. The declaration linked global equity to degradation of the environment which calls for equitable consumption of resources to the global north and south. If linking the problems of consumption and poverty with pollution and resource degradation, then solutions require a lot of strategies (United Nations, 1987). This has led to complementary and contradictory definitions of sustainability. It is therefore necessary that the scope of a project be determined, the procedures outlined, so that critical terms of sustainability are defined. There are three integral dynamics that led to sustainability practices; On the other hand, a practice that neglects to address the discussed areas above fails to be sustainable. This is in accordance to Brundtland Commission Report. It may fall short along continuum or conscious misrepresentation (United Nations, 1987). Primary industries performing growing, harvesting, extraction, and processing of natural resources are the first in the chain of production. These industries deliver most of the necessities of human beings. A clear understanding of their activities develops a vivid understanding of sustainability. According to primary industries, sustainability is the ability of operating perpetually through adaptive management and scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge is relevant to maintaining the environment and the natural resources that communities and economies depend on. Just like other industries, construction industry has to reconsider its relationship with the environment. The aspects of green construction and accepting responsibilities to the environment through construction activities are important. It is necessary that construction activities explore better ways and analyze construction processes so that the industry contributes towards sustainable development.

Medea (video) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medea (video) - Essay Example She defies the prevalent male chauvinism by murdering Glauce and the society abhors her. Additionally, although the book clearly indicates that Medea loved her children, the video portrays her as a jealous irrational woman whose appearance scares away even her own children. This is a conscious move by the director to expose the perceived animosity of Medea. It portrays her as a brutally proud woman who is reluctant to let her opponents succeed. Although the book portrays Medea as a typical traditional woman fighting against social ills, the video portrays her as a cunning and cold schemer. It gives her the ability to see through the deceitful values and false pieties of her enemies. The video portrays Medea as loving and caring. This is evident through the actions that she did to Jason when they first met. However, one keeps on wondering whether Medea had ever experienced love before she met Jason. Although the book portrays Medea as an abnormal person, the video portrays her as a normal human being with feelings. Her heart turns into vengeance upon discovering that Jason was planning to marry another

HCI Reading Journal- Peer Review #3 Research Paper

HCI Reading Journal- Peer Review #3 - Research Paper Example Unlike most phones that are rigid, it is true that the Samsung galaxy and other several android smart phones allow the users to group the apps based on their usability and relationship. I also keep all my social media apps in one folder and video and music in another. This way I am able to easily and conveniently access my files and applications. I agree with you that the ability to add distinct colors to each folder makes it cool and more organized. It is true to say that the design of this interface was purely user centered and it was anchored on satisfaction of the user needs. There is no better way that a user interface will be user friendly than when it allows the user a substantial degree of customization. The concept is not only cool but an eye opener. After watching the explanation from this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKnqECcg6Gw I was able to understand why the digital interface has the dark outline due to the fading between colors. I agree with ou that this is great in-depth info that I definitely will have to consider if I ever want to add this feature in my user interface. The only thing I can say about this observation is that the greatest mistake Microsoft made on windows 8 was to eliminate the start button. Each time I use windows 8 I keep asking myself whether Microsoft ever did a usability testing or evaluation. If so I must say that was a big flop is usability considerations. I agree with you that the elimination of the start button was a big let down to the users of the interface. Additionally the whole interface is more complex and needs a lot of memorizing. That is just increasing the users cognitive load something that Heim (2008) cautions designers against. The recent versions of MS office are more user friendly, well organized and basically cool just as you put it. This is one good example of great user interface design that is focused on simplicity and user friendliness. The

PAYING FOR FAILURE AT AIG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PAYING FOR FAILURE AT AIG - Essay Example 2. Yes, the decision of rewarding the executives was a wrong or a failure decision, as they were the ones that took the company to this stage. It was not necessary for AIG to retain those executive who were not doing well to the company. Instead of rewarding them, they should have been fired and the company should have recruited more qualified, able and committed staff that had the experience of corporate crisis management and could help company to come out of the danger zone. 3. Yes, had I been the president of AIG, I would have refused to pay bonuses to the current executive staff because they did not deserve it. Plus when the company is already incurring huge losses, rewarding them was a wrong decision to make. Moreover, rewards must always be given on the basis of performance and in this case, they did not perform well. Rewards are a sign of appreciation and encouragement for the employees. But rewarding employees when the company is already suffering huge losses is not the right policy as this would discourage others who have worked hard. In this case, the employees who are being rewarded are the ones who are responsible for the current losses of the company, and few are those who have already left the company thus that showed that they were not even loyal to the organization. 4. If I have received the bonus then I would have returned it because if I was one of those then I would know that I did not deserve to get a reward for doing nothing. I would have only accepted the reward after I could manage to get the company to come out of trouble, before that, I think I would have refused it. 5. Government should only use tax revenue to help boost the economy so that eventually it could help the common tax payers. But using that money unfairly is not just to the tax payers and economy itself. Investing money somewhere that will not directly produce any benefit to the masses is

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown Essay

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown in each demo within your paper - Essay Example Interactive analysis and the presence of a powerful dashboard makes users very comfortable to create excel and securely share them across the enterprise. It enables IT teams to manage data and metadata in a central and control permissions as well as scale up to wide deployments in the enterprise. Tableau is a generational business intelligence and visual analysis software that the work by putting data on the hands of the individuals who needs the information (Havenstein, 2006). IBM Cognos is a business intelligence dashboarding solution that helps the user in monitoring, measuring and managing performance of corporates. At a glance, performance that are timely, factual and views of the business are provided by the dashboards. Anomalies that can turn into business issues that are of significant importance can be identified using IBM Cognos and the root causes can be dug deeper. IBM Cognos offer the following solutions to their users; personalization view of the information that are, deliverance of high degree visualization that have graphs, gauges and charts. IBM dashboard can be delivered easily in multiple formats that can suit specific needs of users who do business. Finally, they are easily managed from IT perspective. IBM Cognos has scorecard software that helps the individual to align teams and tactics with strategies, communicating goals consistently and monitoring performance against targets. Individuals can use IBM Cognos Scorecarding in management of the full scope of processes in business (Havenstein, 2007). Business intelligence is a term that means to end despite the approach used. The term end sounds decision making in the organization. Therefore, there is a need to understanding organization decision-making process. There is a need to differentiating information, data and knowledge in an organization. Information is differentiated from data by the use of context. When related to other data, data itself

Law as Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law as - Essay Example The provisions of this Act that are of interest to the Human Resource departments include the basic minimum wage, subminimum wage rates, exemptions from overtime and the minimum wage of persons who provide companionship services, the exempt ion for employees in computer –related occupations, compensatory time in lieu of overtime pay, and break time for nursing mothers. With regard to child protection, the Act explicitly prohibits employment of children under the age of eighteen years in what it terms as dangerous jobs whether the job is agricultural or nonagricultural. In agricultural operations, the Act outlaws employment of children below the age of sixteen years during school hours when such children are supposed to be at school. The letter and spirit of this Act is to ensure that the employees get compensation for all hours they have provided labor including all time they are on duty or are at a prescribed place of work, work performed at home, travel time, waiting time, t raining, and probationary periods. Some of the major provisions of this law include section 206, which touches on minimum wage payable to employees. Pursuant to section 206 (a), employees engaged in commerce, homework in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands as well as those in American Samoa, seamen on American vessels, and lastly agricultural employees are supposed to be paid $ 7.25 an hour. The Act obliges every employer to pay each of the employees engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, or is employed in an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, wages of not less than for instance, $5.85 an hour beginning on the 60th day after May 25, 2007. In light of section 206, the Act prohibits discrimination based on sex. Section 206 (a) (4) (d) deters any employer from discriminating based on sex. The Act demands for equal pay to Workers, who perform equal work, employ equal skill, effort, and responsibility and working under similar c onditions. However, the Act exempts wages on basis of seniority, merit, quantity, or quality of production. Section 206 (a) ( 2) prohibits a labor organization or its agents representing employees of an employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section shall cause or attempt to cause such an employer to discriminate against an employee in violation. Section 206(g) is concerned about the welfare of new employees who are below the age of twenty. The Act provides that such workers during the first ninety consecutive calendar days be entitled to a wage of not less than $4.25 an hour. However, subsection 2 protects the other employees from displacement of any kind in order to give room for such new employees. For instance, the act requires to pay covered nonexempt employees at least the minimum wage of $7.25 an hour, which was raised from $5.25. These directions came into place in 2007. Many states have complied with this requirement with most paying their workers at a rate higher than that set by the federal minimum wage. With regard to tipped workers, the employer can pay them a wage lower than the basic minimum wage. However, the tip they get in addition to the wage paid must correspond with the minimum basic wage of $7.25 per hour. The Act also prescribes for a special minimum wages payable to workers with disabilities with the aim of